What is Hysteroscopy?
Hysteroscopy is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity through a thin telescopic device (hysteroscope). The uterine cavity is opened by administering a special fluid or carbon dioxide gas through the cervix, and the inner wall, tube openings and uterine cavity are examined in detail. It is used diagnostically to detect pathological tissues and surgically to remove polyps, myomas or adhesions.
In Which Situations Is Hysteroscopy Performed?
It is preferred in the evaluation of excessive or irregular uterine bleeding, infertility of unknown cause, history of recurrent miscarriage, presence of suspicious intrauterine lesions (polyp, myoma), diagnosis of intrauterine adhesions (Asherman syndrome) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) placement problems. Hysteroscopy is also indicated to obtain tissue samples in cases of abnormal bleeding or endometrial thickening after menopause.
What is the Difference Between Diagnostic and Operative Hysteroscopy?
In diagnostic hysteroscopy, the inside of the uterus is examined with a thin hysteroscope; if a lesion is detected, a tissue biopsy or aspiration is performed. In operative hysteroscopy, the polyp or myoma is cut and removed with the help of small surgical instruments by entering through the same channel, and adhesions are opened with radiation or a knife. Since the operative type offers treatment opportunities in addition to diagnostic procedures, both diagnosis and intervention can be performed in a single session.
How is Hysteroscopy Performed?
The procedure is usually performed in the gynecological position, under local or general anesthesia. The cervix is opened with a speculum, and the hysteroscope is advanced into the uterus. After sufficient visibility is achieved with fluid or gas in the interior, the camera images are reflected on the screen. If deemed necessary, tissue sampling or lesion resection is performed with surgical instruments. After the procedure, the hysteroscope is slowly removed and the cervix returns to its original state.
How Long Does the Hysteroscopy Procedure Take?
Diagnostic hysteroscopy is usually completed in 5–10 minutes, while operative hysteroscopy takes 15–45 minutes depending on the extent of the procedure. A total hospital stay of 1–2 hours is sufficient when preparation, anesthesia, and post-procedure observation times are included.
What Should Be Considered Before and After Hysteroscopy?
Beforehand, the last menstrual period and pregnancy status should be clarified, and the doctor should be informed about bleeding or infection history. Fasting may be required on the day of the procedure, and any medications and allergies used should be shared with the doctor. Light bleeding and cramping are considered normal afterwards; painkillers are recommended. Heavy exercise should be avoided for the first 24 hours, and discharge should be controlled by using sanitary pads. If fever, foul-smelling discharge or heavy bleeding occurs, a health institution should be consulted immediately.
What Problems Can Be Treated with Hysteroscopy?
Operative hysteroscopy enables the removal of intrauterine polyps and submucosal myomas, separation of adhesions (Asherman syndrome), correction of intrauterine septums, and safe removal of old birth control devices (IUDs). In addition, hysteroscopic guidance is used in the placement and removal of intrauterine birth control devices, increasing the accuracy and safety of the procedure.
Is Hysteroscopy Painful?
Diagnostic hysteroscopy is usually minimally painful when performed under local anesthesia or sedation; mild pressure and cramping may be felt during the procedure. In operative hysteroscopy, moderate cramping and cervical distension may occur depending on the extent of the intervention. Although most patients experience discomfort during the procedure, the procedure can be tolerated with the pain control methods and short-term sedation applied by the physician.
Does the Chance of Pregnancy Increase After Hysteroscopy?
When intrauterine anomalies such as adhesions or septum are corrected hysteroscopically, the normal anatomical structure of the uterine cavity is restored and a favorable environment is created for embryo implantation. In this way, the chance of pregnancy increases significantly in women with infertility, recurrent miscarriage or a history of unsuccessful IVF cycles. Pregnancy success is monitored with controlled follow-ups planned for 1–3 months after surgery.
Hysteroscopy Prices 2026
In 2026, diagnostic hysteroscopy fees will range from ₺3,000 to ₺4,500 in private clinics; operative hysteroscopy (polyp or myoma resection) packages will range from ₺7,000 to ₺10,000. These prices include anesthesia, room usage, device and equipment costs, and postoperative checks. Diagnostic hysteroscopy is free of charge in hospitals with SGK agreements, but a copayment may be requested for operative procedures.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Hysteroscopy Be Performed During Menstruation?
Hysteroscopy is usually planned within 3–5 days following the end of menstruation; it is not recommended during menstruation due to the visual impairment inside the uterus and the increased risk of bleeding. However, if there is an indication for emergency intervention, limited imaging can be performed with sterile fluid injection, and the examination and procedure are most often postponed until the nonmenstrual period.
When Can I Return to Work After Hysteroscopy?
After diagnostic hysteroscopy, mild cramping and spotting may last for a few days; most patients can return to light work the next day. After operative hysteroscopy (polyp or fibroid removal), the ideal rest period is 2–3 days; depending on the nature of the work, 5–7 days of rest may be required. Gradual return to work is planned with physician approval and resolution of symptoms.
Can Tubes Be Seen with Hysteroscopy?
Standard hysteroscopy only visualizes the inside of the uterus; fallopian tube openings are visible, but the entire tube and outer quadrant cannot be assessed. If the patency of the tubes is to be examined definitively, hysterosalpingography or laparoscopic chromopertubation may be required with microcatheter and dye administered simultaneously with hysteroscopy.
Is General Anesthesia Required?
Diagnostic hysteroscopy can be performed with local anesthesia and short-acting sedation. Depending on the extent of the operative procedures and the patient’s comfort, spinal or general anesthesia may be preferred. While minor operations are completed with outpatient sedoanalgesia, general anesthesia provides advantages in more extensive resections.
Is Pregnancy Possible After Hysteroscopy?
When intrauterine structural problems (polyp, submucosal myoma, septum, adhesion) are eliminated with operative hysteroscopy, a favorable environment for embryo implantation is re-established. In women with infertility or a history of recurrent miscarriage, a significant increase in the chance of pregnancy is observed after 1–3 months; pregnancy success increases with planning based on follow-up ultrasound and ovulation monitoring.